[쿠버네티스] Ubuntu 22.04 쿠버네티스 설치 방법

목차

 

 

시작하며

Ubuntu 22.04 서버에 쿠버네티스를 한 번에 설치하는 글을 찾지 못하였다. 이 글로 정리하려한다. 먼저, 런타임 환경이 도커에서 컨테이너D로 변경되었기 때문에 도커를 설치할 필요가 없다.

 

저장소 설정

1. apt 업데이트

sudo apt-get update
 
sudo apt-get install \
    ca-certificates \
    curl \
    gnupg \
    lsb-release

 

2. 도커 공식 GPG key 추가

curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg

 

3. Stable repository 설정

echo \
  "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
  $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

 

런타임 엔진 설치

1. containerd 설치

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install containerd.io

 

2. containerd 설치 및 동작 확인

systemctl status containerd

 

쿠버네티스 설치

1. 메모리 스왑

sudo swapoff -a && sudo sed -i '/swap/s/^/#/' /etc/fstab

 

2. 노드간 통신을 위한 iptables에 브릿지 관련 설정

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
br_netfilter
EOF

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF

sudo sysctl --system

 

3. apt 업데이트 및 ca 관련  패키지 다운로드 및 설정

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
sudo apt install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl

 

4. Google Cloud GPG 키 추가

sudo curl -fsSL https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.29/deb/Release.key | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/kubernetes.asc

 

5. 쿠버네티스 gpg 및 소스 리스트 내용 추가 및 apt 업데이트

echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/kubernetes-archive-keyring.gpg] https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list

 

6. Kubernetes APT 저장소 추가

echo "deb https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.29/deb/ /" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list

cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list

 

7. 패키지 목록 다시 업데이트 및 설치 목록 확인

sudo apt update

apt-cache policy kubelet

 

8. kubelet, kubeadm, kubectl 설치

sudo apt install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl

kubectl version --client && kubeadm version

 

9. kubelet 활성화 및 상태 확인

sudo systemctl enable kubelet --now
sudo systemctl status kubelet

 

10. containerd 설정 파일 수정

disabled_plugins = []
imports = []
oom_score = 0
plugin_dir = ""
required_plugins = []
root = "/var/lib/containerd"
state = "/run/containerd"
temp = ""
version = 2

[cgroup]
  path = ""

[debug]
  address = ""
  format = ""
  gid = 0
  level = ""
  uid = 0

[grpc]
  address = "/run/containerd/containerd.sock"
  gid = 0
  max_recv_message_size = 16777216
  max_send_message_size = 16777216
  tcp_address = ""
  tcp_tls_ca = ""
  tcp_tls_cert = ""
  tcp_tls_key = ""
  uid = 0

[metrics]
  address = ""
  grpc_histogram = false

[plugins]

  [plugins."io.containerd.gc.v1.scheduler"]
    deletion_threshold = 0
    mutation_threshold = 100
    pause_threshold = 0.02
    schedule_delay = "0s"
    startup_delay = "100ms"

  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]
    device_ownership_from_security_context = false
    disable_apparmor = false
    disable_cgroup = false
    disable_hugetlb_controller = true
    disable_proc_mount = false
    disable_tcp_service = true
    drain_exec_sync_io_timeout = "0s"
    enable_selinux = false
    enable_tls_streaming = false
    enable_unprivileged_icmp = false
    enable_unprivileged_ports = false
    ignore_deprecation_warnings = []
    ignore_image_defined_volumes = false
    max_concurrent_downloads = 3
    max_container_log_line_size = 16384
    netns_mounts_under_state_dir = false
    restrict_oom_score_adj = false
    sandbox_image = "registry.k8s.io/pause:3.6"
    selinux_category_range = 1024
    stats_collect_period = 10
    stream_idle_timeout = "4h0m0s"
    stream_server_address = "127.0.0.1"
    stream_server_port = "0"
    systemd_cgroup = false
    tolerate_missing_hugetlb_controller = true
    unset_seccomp_profile = ""

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".cni]
      bin_dir = "/opt/cni/bin"
      conf_dir = "/etc/cni/net.d"
      conf_template = ""
      ip_pref = ""
      max_conf_num = 1

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd]
      default_runtime_name = "nvidia"
      disable_snapshot_annotations = true
      discard_unpacked_layers = false
      ignore_rdt_not_enabled_errors = false
      no_pivot = false
      snapshotter = "overlayfs"

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime]
        base_runtime_spec = ""
        cni_conf_dir = ""
        cni_max_conf_num = 0
        container_annotations = []
        pod_annotations = []
        privileged_without_host_devices = false
        runtime_engine = ""
        runtime_path = ""
        runtime_root = ""
        runtime_type = ""

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime.options]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes]

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia]
          base_runtime_spec = ""
          cni_conf_dir = ""
          cni_max_conf_num = 0
          container_annotations = []
          pod_annotations = []
          privileged_without_host_devices = false
          runtime_engine = ""
          runtime_path = ""
          runtime_root = ""
          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"

          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia.options]
            BinaryName = "/usr/local/nvidia/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime"
            CriuImagePath = ""
            CriuPath = ""
            CriuWorkPath = ""
            IoGid = 0
            IoUid = 0
            NoNewKeyring = false
            NoPivotRoot = false
            Root = ""
            ShimCgroup = ""
            SystemdCgroup = true

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia-cdi]
          base_runtime_spec = ""
          cni_conf_dir = ""
          cni_max_conf_num = 0
          container_annotations = []
          pod_annotations = []
          privileged_without_host_devices = false
          runtime_engine = ""
          runtime_path = ""
          runtime_root = ""
          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"

          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia-cdi.options]
            BinaryName = "/usr/local/nvidia/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.cdi"
            CriuImagePath = ""
            CriuPath = ""
            CriuWorkPath = ""
            IoGid = 0
            IoUid = 0
            NoNewKeyring = false
            NoPivotRoot = false
            Root = ""
            ShimCgroup = ""
            SystemdCgroup = true

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia-legacy]
          base_runtime_spec = ""
          cni_conf_dir = ""
          cni_max_conf_num = 0
          container_annotations = []
          pod_annotations = []
          privileged_without_host_devices = false
          runtime_engine = ""
          runtime_path = ""
          runtime_root = ""
          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"

          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia-legacy.options]
            BinaryName = "/usr/local/nvidia/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.legacy"
            CriuImagePath = ""
            CriuPath = ""
            CriuWorkPath = ""
            IoGid = 0
            IoUid = 0
            NoNewKeyring = false
            NoPivotRoot = false
            Root = ""
            ShimCgroup = ""
            SystemdCgroup = true

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc]
          base_runtime_spec = ""
          cni_conf_dir = ""
          cni_max_conf_num = 0
          container_annotations = []
          pod_annotations = []
          privileged_without_host_devices = false
          runtime_engine = ""
          runtime_path = ""
          runtime_root = ""
          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"

          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
            BinaryName = ""
            CriuImagePath = ""
            CriuPath = ""
            CriuWorkPath = ""
            IoGid = 0
            IoUid = 0
            NoNewKeyring = false
            NoPivotRoot = false
            Root = ""
            ShimCgroup = ""
            SystemdCgroup = true

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime]
        base_runtime_spec = ""
        cni_conf_dir = ""
        cni_max_conf_num = 0
        container_annotations = []
        pod_annotations = []
        privileged_without_host_devices = false
        runtime_engine = ""
        runtime_path = ""
        runtime_root = ""
        runtime_type = ""

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime.options]

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".image_decryption]
      key_model = "node"

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry]
      config_path = ""

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.auths]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs]

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs."10.10.50.116:30002"]

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs."10.10.50.135:30002"]

          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs."10.10.50.135:30002".tls]

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs."ghcr.io"]

          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs."ghcr.io".auth]
            password = "ghp_irQW06Xlqwinedlinaskl;cmnlk"
            username = "chogodo@naver.com"

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.headers]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors]

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."10.10.50.116:30002"]
          endpoint = ["http://10.10.50.116:30002"]

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."ghcr.io"]
          endpoint = ["https://ghcr.io"]

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".x509_key_pair_streaming]
      tls_cert_file = ""
      tls_key_file = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.opt"]
    path = "/opt/containerd"

  [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.restart"]
    interval = "10s"

  [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.tracing"]
    sampling_ratio = 1.0
    service_name = "containerd"

  [plugins."io.containerd.metadata.v1.bolt"]
    content_sharing_policy = "shared"

  [plugins."io.containerd.monitor.v1.cgroups"]
    no_prometheus = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux"]
    no_shim = false
    runtime = "runc"
    runtime_root = ""
    shim = "containerd-shim"
    shim_debug = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v2.task"]
    platforms = ["linux/amd64"]
    sched_core = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.diff-service"]
    default = ["walking"]

  [plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.tasks-service"]
    rdt_config_file = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.aufs"]
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.btrfs"]
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.devmapper"]
    async_remove = false
    base_image_size = ""
    discard_blocks = false
    fs_options = ""
    fs_type = ""
    pool_name = ""
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.native"]
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs"]
    mount_options = []
    root_path = ""
    sync_remove = false
    upperdir_label = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.zfs"]
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.tracing.processor.v1.otlp"]
    endpoint = ""
    insecure = false
    protocol = ""

[proxy_plugins]

[stream_processors]

  [stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar"]
    accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+encrypted"]
    args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]
    env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]
    path = "ctd-decoder"
    returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar"

  [stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar.gzip"]
    accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip+encrypted"]
    args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]
    env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]
    path = "ctd-decoder"
    returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip"

[timeouts]
  "io.containerd.timeout.bolt.open" = "0s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.shim.cleanup" = "5s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.shim.load" = "5s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.shim.shutdown" = "3s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.task.state" = "2s"

[ttrpc]
  address = ""
  gid = 0
  uid = 0

 

11. containerd 사용 시 설정 변경 적용

sudo mkdir -p /etc/containerd
containerd config default | sudo tee /etc/containerd/config.toml

sudo systemctl restart containerd

 

12. br_netfilter 모듈 로드 및  br_netfilter 모듈이 자동으로 로드되도록 설정

sudo modprobe br_netfilter
echo 'br_netfilter' | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/br_netfilter.conf

 

13. /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables 및 ip_forward 설정

echo "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1" | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1" | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1" | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf

sudo sysctl --system

sysctl net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables
sysctl net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables
sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward

 

14. join 하기

kubeadm join {Master_IP}:6443 --token {token_키} --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:{hash_token_키}